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SUMMARY

This report describes a study examining the response of typical reinforced concrete facade cladding panel subjected to blast loads of a form consistent with vapour cloud explosions.

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

1. INTRODUCTION & BACKGROUND
2. SCOPE
3. THE STRUCTURAL COMPONENT TO BE ASSESSED: PRECAST RC CLADDING PANEL
4. IMPORTANT ASSUMPTIONS
   1. Input data
   2. List of assumptions
5. INITIAL STRENGTH ASSESSMENT: HAND CALCULATIONS
   1. Hand calculation
6. STRENGTH ASSESSMENT: FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS
   1. Software - NL FLEX
   2. Preliminary analysis to confirm failure mode and validity of assumptions
   3. Pseudo-static analysis to calculate pressure-deflection curves
7. SINGLE-DEGREE-OF-FREEDOM (SDOF) MODEL DEVELOPMENT
   1. Background
   2. SDOP models for the RC cladding panels
8. APPLIED LOADS
   1. Background
   2. Vapour or gas cloud explosion (Assumed Blast Load A)
   3. Idealised high explosive blast (Assumed Blast Load B)
   4. Assumed Blast Load
   5. Assumed Blast Load
   6. General comments about the choice of blast loads
9. GENERATING PRESSURE-IMPULSE DIAGRAMS AND ISO-DAMAGE CURVES
   1. Methodology
   2. Results
10. DISCUSSION AND INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS
    
    1. Comparison of results for onset of damage to strong panel and failure of weak panel
11. DETAILED FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSES OF SELECTED LOAD CASES
    
    1. Selection of load cases
    2. Results: DLC_1 and DLC_2
    3. Results: DLC_3 and DLC_ 4
    4. Results: DLC_5, DLC_6 and DLC_7
12. SENSITIVITY TO MATERIAL PROPERTIES
13. CONCLUSIONS
14. REFERENCES
    
    1. General references
    2. FLEX related supporting references
15. FIGURES
16. ANNEX A - HAND CALCULATIONS TO PREDICT THE CLADDING PANEL STRENGTH